- Russia (Federation)--Dagestan1
- Rāma Daivajña, active 17th century. Muhūrtacintāmaṇi1
- Rāṭhī, Dāmodaradāsa, 17th century. Sāṃgītadarpaṇa1
- Sacred works1
- Sacrifice1
- Sajāwandī, Sirāj al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, active 12th century. Waqf wa-al-ibtidāʼ1
- Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, 1137-11931
- Sales (Islamic law)1
- Samarasiṃha. Tājakatantrasāra1
- Samaritans1
- Samarqandī, Abū al-Qāsim ibn Abī Bakr, active 15th century. Sharḥ al-Waḍʻīyah1
- Samarqandī, Muḥammad ibn Ashraf, active 13th century. Risālah fī ādāb al-baḥth1
- Sandhi1
- Sanskrit language--Roots1
- Sanskrit language--Tense1
- Sanskrit language--Word order1
- Sanskrit literature1
- Sanūsī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, approximately 1427-approximately 1490. Sharḥ al-Mukhtaṣar fī al-manṭiq1
- Saptamātṛkās (Hindu deities)1
- Saros cycle1