- Octavia, Empress, consort of Nero, Emperor of Rome, approximately 42-621
- Oedipus (Greek mythological figure)1
- Origen1
- Palimpsests1
- Palmistry1
- Panel-stamped bindings1
- Papal documents1
- Paraphrases1
- Passion plays1
- Pasteboard1
- Pastoral theology1
- Patrizi, Francesco, 1275-13281
- Paul, the Deacon, approximately 720-799?1
- Paul, the Hermit, Saint, -approximately 3411
- Penmanship manuals1
- Personal correspondence1
- Peter Martyr, Saint, approximately 1205-12521
- Phalaris, Tyrant of Agrigentum, active 6th century B.C.1
- Philosophy1
- Philosophy, Ancient1