- Italy--Tuscany1
- Italy--Venice1
- Jews1
- Juana, of Austria, Princess of Portugal, 1535-15731
- Julius III, Pope, 1487-15551
- Latin literature1
- Letters1
- Manuscript fragments1
- Manuscripts, German1
- Manuscripts, Greek (Medieval and modern)1
- Manuscripts, Medieval1
- Mary, Queen of Scots, 1542-15871
- Massachusetts--Boston1
- Mexico--Mexico City1
- Michelangelo Buonarroti, 1475-15641
- Middle East1
- Monardes, Nicolás, approximately 1512-15881
- Montúfar, Alonso de, active 1512-15701
- Mordecai (Biblical figure)1
- Moriscos1