- Ros Pelayre, Miguel1
- Rossi, Azariah ben Moses dei, approximately 1511-approximately 1578. Tsedeḳ ʻOlamim1
- Rossi, Giovanni de'1
- Rossi, Girolamo de'1
- Royal supremacy (Church of England)1
- Rucellai, Cosimo, 1495-15191
- Rueda family1
- Rueda, Baltasar de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Bernardino de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Luis de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Rodrigo de, active 1553-15691
- Rufina, Saint, -approximately 2871
- Russia1
- Rustam (Legendary character)1
- Rāfiʻī, ʻAbd al-Karīm ibn Muḥammad, 1162-1226. Muḥarrar1
- Rāma (Hindu deity)1
- SS. Annunziata (Church : Florence, Italy)1
- Sacchetti, Angiolo1
- Sacraments--Catholic Church1
- Sacred books1