- Samarqandī, Muḥammad ibn Ashraf, active 13th century. Ashkāl al-taʼsīs1
- Sanūsī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, approximately 1427-approximately 1490. Umm al-barāhīn1
- Satellites--Phases1
- Selim II, Sultan of the Turks, 1524-15741
- Serbia1
- Serbia--Belgrade1
- Shamsīyah (Qazwīnī, ʻAlī ibn ʻUmar)1
- Shamāʼil (Tirmidhī, Muḥammad ibn ʻĪsá)1
- Sharḥ Īsāghūjī (Kātī, Ḥusām al-Dīn al-Ḥasan)1
- Shaʻbānīyah1
- Short stories1
- Shādhilī, Abū al-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh, approximately 1196-1258. Ḥizb al-baḥr1
- Slavery (Islamic law)1
- Solar eclipses1
- Spices1
- Statesmen1
- Sufi wit and humor1
- Sumtī, Yūsuf ibn Khālid1
- Sunna1
- Sunnites1