- Rasāʼil (Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʼ)1
- Rawḍah al-bahīyah fī sharḥ al-Lumʻah al-Dimashqīyah (Shahīd al-Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn ibn ʻAlī)1
- Reading1
- Riddles, Turkish1
- Rifāʻī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī, 1106?-11821
- Risālah al-waḍʻīyah (Ījī, ʻAḍud al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad)1
- Romances1
- Romances, Persian1
- Rustam (Legendary character)1
- Rāgamālā painting1
- Rāmizah fī ʻilmay al-ʻarūḍ wa-al-qāfiyah (Khazrajī, ʻAbd Allāh ibn ʻUthmān)1
- Sabzavārī, Hādī ibn Mahdī, 1797 or 1798- Nibrās al-hudá1
- Sabzavārī, Hādī ibn Mahdī, 1797 or 1798-1873. Ghurar al-farāʼid1
- Sabzavārī, Hādī ibn Mahdī, 1797 or 1798-1873. Laʼālī al-muntaẓimah fī ʻilm al-manṭiq wa-al-mīzān1
- Sacred books1
- Samarqandī, Muḥammad ibn Ashraf, active 13th century. Ashkāl al-taʼsīs1
- Sanūsī, Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf, approximately 1427-approximately 1490. Umm al-barāhīn1
- Satire, Persian1
- Schools1
- Science1