- Ramiro II, King of Leon, -9511
- Relations1
- Religious life1
- Revolutions1
- Rome (Empire)1
- Rueda family1
- Rueda, Baltasar de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Bernardino de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Luis de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Rodrigo de, active 1553-15691
- Sancho Garcés I, King of Navarre, -9251
- Sancho II, King of Castile and Leon, 1037 or 1038-10721
- Sephardim1
- Silver mines and mining1
- Smelting1
- Spain--Belmonte1
- Spain--Burgos1
- Spain--Carmona (Seville)1
- Spain--Covadonga1
- Spain--Cádiz (Province)1