- Italy--Ameglia1
- Italy--Città di Castello2
- Italy--Emilia-Romagna1
- Italy--Florence1
- Italy--Guastalla2
- Italy--Livorno1
- Italy--Mantua1
- Italy--Mirabella Eclano1
- Italy--Reggio Emilia1
- Italy--Reggio Emilia (Province)2
- Italy--Venice3
- Jesuits1
- Jesus Christ1
- Jews1
- Jews--Legal status, laws, etc.1
- John IV, King of Portugal, 1604-16561
- John Manuel, Prince of Portugal, 1537-15541
- John V, King of Portugal, 1689-17501
- Juana, of Austria, Princess of Portugal, 1535-15731
- Judges--Selection and appointment1