- Ribera, Teresa de1
- Romances, Spanish1
- Romero family1
- Ros Pelayre, Miguel1
- Rueda family1
- Rueda, Baltasar de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Bernardino de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Luis de, active 1553-15691
- Rueda, Rodrigo de, active 1553-15691
- Rufina, Saint, -approximately 2871
- Sacrifice--Judaism1
- Sancho Garcés I, King of Navarre, -9251
- Sancho II, King of Castile and Leon, 1037 or 1038-10721
- Sarmiento, Pero. Sentencia-Estatuto1
- Satire1
- Satires1
- Science1
- Seals, wax1
- Sententiarum libri IV (Peter Lombard, Bishop of Paris)1
- Sephardim1